The maximum length of a standard USB cable is 5 meters (slightly more than 15 feet). The primary reason for this limit is the maximum allowed round-trip delay of about 1500 ns. If a USB device does not answer to host commands within the allowed time, the host considers the command to be lost. When USB device response time, delays from using the maximum number of hubs and delays from cables connecting the hubs, host and device are summed, the maximum delay caused by a single cable turns out to be 26 ns [7]. The USB 2.0 specification states that the cable delay must be less than 5.2 ns per meter, which means that maximum length USB cable is at least 5 meters long. However, this is also very close to the maximum possible length when using a standard copper cable.
Using USB devices over a greater length require hubs or active extension cables. Active extension cables are bus-powered hubs equipped with two maximum length standard USB cables. USB connections can be extended to 50 m over CAT5 or up to 10 km over fiber by using special USB extender products developed by various manufacturers.
Pin Name Cable colour Description
1 VCC Red +5V
2 D? White Data ?
3 D+ Green Data +
4 GND Black Ground
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