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View Full Version : BRAINNNNNNNS~~ (A Zombie How-to Guide)



mmcookies
10-23-2008, 12:04 PM
JUST READ THIS LINK ON WOWHEAD ('http://www.wowhead.com/?forums&topic=48283') FOR THE MOST UP TO DATE INFORMATION!

Here's a quick how-to guide on playing the zombie class.
Keep in mind that as the event goes on, some details might change.

Step 1: Infection
The following things will get you infected:
- Killing infected critters (roaches) in major cities
- Clicking on Conspicuous Crates (green glowing boxes) in major cities
- Being attacked by Plagued Zombies
- Being blown up by Plagued Zombies (Zombie Explosion)
- Standing in the plague cloud created by Plagued Zombies for too long (Retch)

Step 2: Incubation (currently 5 minutes)
Several options for the incubation process:
- Spend the next 5 minutes not getting cleansed by players and staying well away from Argent Dawn healers located in major cities.
- Have a Plagued Zombie use their Mangle ability on you. It will periodically reduced your infection timer by 30 seconds.
- Use an immunity ability on yourself to instantly become a zombie (Divine Shield, Ice Block confirmed to work).

Step 3: Plagued Zombie!
Now the periphery of your screen should glow red as you're transformed into one of the living dead!
Your main action bar will be replaced with a new zombie action bar with several zombie abilities (discussed below).

You will slowly lose health, so you must keep attacking the living to regenerate your health!
You will also move fairly slowly (walking speed) unless you're lurching.

While in this state, you are part of the scourge faction and is now hostile to all players and most NPCs.
You can also converse and trade with other player zombies regardless of "former" faction.
Regular Scourge zombies will now be friendly to you (confirmed in EPL, and Stratholme).

Once you're a zombie, the only way to stop being one is to become even more deader (getting killed).
I would suggest taking off your armor, as getting killed by NPCs still cause durability damage, and armor stats do not improve your zombie stats.

Rogues can also stealth if they become zombies (unconfirmed, but lots of similar stories).

Zombie Skills!
Your main objective as a Plague Zombie is to infect as many of the living as possible!
To help you, there're several skills.

1. Mangle: Your main damage skill on 3 second cooldown. This also reduces a player or NPC's infection timer. As long as you keep mangling them, the timer will periodically decrease by 30 seconds. This also puts an armor debuff on the target, but so far it doesn't seem to do much.

2. Retch: Your short range AOE disease cloud that heals zombies and damages everything else. If humanoid NPCs and players don't get out of the cloud fast enough, they'll become infected as well. If you have multiple player zombies, this is a skill you should use on every cooldown, and it stacks. Alternatively, if you're traveling in player groups, rotating retches can help slow the drain on your health.

3. Beckoning Groan: Use this to call nearby non-player zombies to your location. They will follow for about 10-15 seconds. Up to 4 targets affected, but who gets affected is random and not particularly reliable at times.

4. Lurch: Gives all nearby zombies a temporary speed boost to chase down living humans. I would use this in conjunction with Beckoning Groan to keep everyone together. This should probably be put on round-robin.

5. Zombie Explosion: After channeling for 4 seconds (doesn't seem to have spell pushback), you explode. This causes NO damage but instantly infects everyone around you. If the living has superior numbers, use this quick to infect them all! (unconfirmed: doesn't damage durability)

http://static.mmo-champion.com/mmoc/images/news/2008/october/wotlkworldevent_7.jpg

Siaea
10-23-2008, 12:15 PM
I finally got all mine infected in Shattrath, and some jackass cleansed them all. Got them all infected again, and my main disconnected. This is really a frustrating world event that probably should have had some more thought put in.

Edit: and what really pisses me off...I was on my priest/4lock team in tirisfal (level 7) when some 70 horde comes and kills them all..yet I can't attack shit in shattrath with my shaman. Very much annoying. A world event, and I can't play around a little. I know, QQ.

mmcookies
10-23-2008, 01:01 PM
Just go to booty bay and click on one of the plagued boxes and you're infected. Ride to where you want to turn into a zombie (Zul'Gurub is nice for level 50 Zombies)

The NPC zombies seem to cap at level 50, even if you kill higher level mobs... so I guess you can't get a super army of level 70 elite zombies going, at least in STV...

And don't walk near the Argent Dawn agents all over the cities before you actually turn into a zombie, they're there to cure you.

mmcookies
10-23-2008, 01:39 PM
oh, and zombies have their own language and faction

i've seen reports on forums that you can talk to horde/alliance zombies and even trade with them o_O
(trading might be hotfixed tho)

and there're rumors that zombies will become tougher in the coming days
there might also be other types of monsters (death knights maybe) who lead invasions and turn people into zombies

Sajuuk
10-23-2008, 01:55 PM
You CAN talk and trade with people of the opposing faction.

Sam DeathWalker
10-23-2008, 02:11 PM
WOOT!

Trash Talken now we Talken

"You DARE attack teh MIGHTY DEATHWALKER?!?!? So BE IT! You shall PAY me With PAIN!"

Multibocks
10-23-2008, 02:11 PM
do you characters level when they kill stuff? Or is this completely just for show?

Sam DeathWalker
10-23-2008, 02:14 PM
They do in EQ, Im still working on WoW.

Well once again WoW tops everyone in originality. Zombies - who wuda thunk it? Da even killen da Innkeepers. Dat ain't right.

Trollzilla
10-23-2008, 11:13 PM
innkeeper has braiiiiiinnn

sedory
10-23-2008, 11:28 PM
This annoyed the hell out of me lastnight.

A lvl 70 Zombie PC ran up to me while I was in the middle of a fight in weastern plaguelands... he's got the idental model to all the crap I'm fighting right then, so I'm thinking, hmm.. I don't know plaguelands that well and this looks like a named, let's kill it! So my lil lvl 58 Pally/Shammy duo is beating this guy down.. Everytime I'd get him to just under 90% and he pops back up to full, I'm like wth. So eventually I just attempt to run, but I get adds and die turning into a zombie. He later tells me that taking off a piece of armor and putting it back on resets your health. So annoying. That and I was just not in the mood to be messing with some world event, I just wanted to finish a quest and log for the evening.

And to top it off, while a zombie, you slowly loose health unless you attack humans.. the only human toons around were either the npc 'parties' of scarlet crusaders or the 21+ lvl 70's running around. All of which just slaughtered me, and going back and getting my corpse I got turned into a zombie again..

Not a fun night.

Threeofme
10-23-2008, 11:52 PM
Bloody nice guy that Brain ;)

Anjuna
10-24-2008, 02:01 AM
I have been nuking the hell out of Zombies. It's been great killing the most annoying people on our server. I can't wait for Lawlshawk to get infected so I can kick his ass.

MrWoW
10-24-2008, 02:15 AM
I appreciate Blizzard's effort into a world event although I wish they put more thought into it. My playtime is usually 1 of 2 things recently: 1. Hallow's End event on mains 2. level up more RAF pairs before my link expires. Unfortunately this event is killing both of these for me. My low level RAF pairs are getting smoked by lvl70's of the same faction, or constently being killed by the infection (and again as soon as I rez); and I can't get many of the Hallow's End quests done due to infections and zombies.

Again, I like the event, it seems cool... but it really is pissing me off.

/end rant
/cast Enjoy Event

Leon
10-24-2008, 02:52 AM
The QQ i got from people when i ran through a attack of Zombies in IF spamming Consecration, and then the revelation from random QQing Idiot that i was a bad player for RPing on a PVP server and typing well....
oh that and using guards to my advantage when dealing with Zombies, lol im a lvl 46 pally i cant do much to a lvl 70 most of the time. QQ more i'll attempt to purge the unclean when i can using any advantage i can

MrWoW
10-24-2008, 03:07 AM
The QQ i got from people when i ran through a attack of Zombies in IF spamming Consecration, and then the revelation from random QQing Idiot that i was a bad player for RPing on a PVP server and typing well....
oh that and using guards to my advantage when dealing with Zombies, lol im a lvl 46 pally i cant do much to a lvl 70 most of the time. QQ more i'll attempt to purge the unclean when i can using any advantage i canI got harassed on my Paladin for doing almost the same thing. They would get mad at me for ruining their fun. I replied... "It's fun for me to cure diseases". So I stopped and instead went on a mass killing spree of zombies. For some reason they didn't like that as well...

Anjuna
10-24-2008, 03:14 AM
My girlfriend and I ran through a bunch of zombies on our pallies ( me prot , her ret). Holy Wrath, Divine Storm, Conc, Avenger's Shield, and a few exorcisms ftw. A lot of people hate me right now.

MrWoW
10-24-2008, 03:14 AM
Everytime I'd get him to just under 90% and he pops back up to full, I'm like wth. So eventually I just attempt to run, but I get adds and die turning into a zombie. He later tells me that taking off a piece of armor and putting it back on resets your health. So annoying.
I believe they hotfixed this issue. Look for revenge! X(

mmcookies
10-24-2008, 03:26 AM
yes the armor bug was hotfixed

the devs have cryptically hinted that this is only the first stage of the plague
and players have been noting (perhaps erroneously) that the infection is getting harder to cleanse

if you think this is bad, it's only going to get worse
my suggestion would be to keep off your alts for a while

and hell, loosen up and join the zombies

Jheusse
10-24-2008, 04:24 AM
Crap. I haven't been able to be on much the last few days, my RAF has been going very slow. My team is only 51 and I want to get them to 60 and run up another same class or mixed team before my RAF runs out.

But if I'm going to lose most of my time to plague action over the next few weeks it looks like I'm going to be just boned.

Suvega
10-24-2008, 05:10 AM
WOOT!

Trash Talken now we Talken

"You DARE attack teh MIGHTY DEATHWALKER?!?!? So BE IT! You shall PAY me With PAIN!"

No, not this.

When you turn into a zombie you become hostile to everyone but zombies.
You can never talk to someone you can or just killed.
You can never kill someone you can talk to. (PvP)

GEET EET!?

elo
10-24-2008, 05:37 AM
Well this sounds utterly lame. I say 'sounds' because I can't actually play given the constant 3-5k ping on my server. WTH are they screwing around with this stupid crap when they've got so many serious technical issues preventing people from playing the game at all? I've been cool with all the issues since last tuesday, just focusing on other stuff, but then to hear they're doing some jacked up world event in place of addressing real issues really pisses me off. So now, even if I do manage to get to play, I still won't be able to because of this incredibly stupid event. Awesome.

Could I get an e-mail or something when they're done screwing over WoW? kthx.

Drakkun
10-24-2008, 07:01 AM
The event is a lot of fun and will only happen once in the small life that is WoW. There are millions of players that have nothing to do until the expansion and this is something unique to do. Enjoy it and it will be over in a couple weeks and you can go back to your normal WoW.

elo
10-24-2008, 07:49 AM
So they fix the problem of these millions of players with nothing to do by introducing a stupid event that makes it so millions of players that had something to do now can't do it? On top of however many (10's if now 100's of thousands) can't even play cause of lag and other server issues. That's, that's just brilliant.

mmcookies
10-24-2008, 07:54 AM
I think it would be best if you contacted Blizzard support and made your complaint, and encouraged others with the same problem to do the same.

Complaining to us here and potentially derailing a thread will not help at all.

Multibocks
10-24-2008, 08:20 AM
no one answered my question! If I turn into a zombie do I still get xp or is this totally cosmetic and not helpful to the leveling of my troops?

dodger6988
10-24-2008, 09:07 AM
Blue Post I just read on the general forums said no xp gained and no rep gained or lost while playing as a Zombie I would link it, but I'm at work and I dont want to pull that board back up.

Aethon
10-24-2008, 09:14 AM
WOOT!

Trash Talken now we Talken

"You DARE attack teh MIGHTY DEATHWALKER?!?!? So BE IT! You shall PAY me With PAIN!"

No, not this.

When you turn into a zombie you become hostile to everyone but zombies.
You can never talk to someone you can or just killed.
You can never kill someone you can talk to. (PvP)

GEET EET!?

I'm going to disagree with you soley based on the fact that we're multiboxers. You could easily have 1 zombie, and chat away with all other zombies (whatever faction they previously belonged to) and have one of your box'd toons remain 'alive'

Bonus points if you're on a server and box a horde, an alliance and a zombie!

mmcookies
10-24-2008, 09:46 AM
SECOND STAGE!

plague boxes in all capital cities
plagued critters (roach) inside cities, kill them and get infected!

the roaches make me wonder if anything's going on in undercity
any forsakens got any idea?

elsegundo
10-24-2008, 10:15 AM
i hope someone comes out with a guide on how to play the zombie class.

i really dont like the exploding feature. i thought i could kill my infectors by blowing up next to them... didnt really work.

mmcookies
10-24-2008, 11:31 AM
well i guess i might as well write one here.

ask if you don't see it answered.

Psybercop
10-24-2008, 01:49 PM
SECOND STAGE!

plague boxes in all capital cities
plagued critters (roach) inside cities, kill them and get infected!

the roaches make me wonder if anything's going on in undercity
any forsakens got any idea?

Yep, Infected roaches in UC. Didn't see any boxes tho while I was there.

mmcookies
10-24-2008, 03:08 PM
I went and turned Lights Hope Chapel into zombies a while ago.
It took a few tries to get off a corpse explosion (the guards charge, which stuns and interrupts your explosion).

Nothing special happened... I was hoping for more :(

Leon
10-24-2008, 06:27 PM
My girlfriend and I ran through a bunch of zombies on our pallies ( me prot , her ret). Holy Wrath, Divine Storm, Conc, Avenger's Shield, and a few exorcisms ftw. A lot of people hate me right now.Nice Work

Chaosomega
10-24-2008, 07:25 PM
Killing South Shore http://i144.photobucket.com/albums/r184/chaos7377/WoWScrnShot_102308_200327.jpg

Ualaa
10-24-2008, 07:36 PM
I don't know... I have limited time on RAF... and would like to level three or four teams before the expansion.

Shammies are 63 and I'd like them to all be 70.
Hunters are 48 and I'd like them to be at least 61st.
Priests have not even been made.
Warlocks have not been made.
Boomkins have not been made.

The event is kind of annoying, when you're trying to level and have Zombies infect the quest turn-in guys.
Or attack your toons.

The other day, my hunters wanted to do a quest in Sentinel Hill.
But the zombies would not let me.
So I brought my 1x70 Shaman with the 4x 63 Shaman's, and decided to rid Westfall of the infestation.
Twenty totems and a few volley's of Chain Lighting got their attention; most died from a volley.
When they swarmed me, my Fire Nova's and Thunderstorm were equal to the task.
Having added a Disease Cleansing totem in the place of one of the shammies Healing Stream worked great too.

Unfortunately I got quite a few hate tells. But I managed to slay three 70's and their entire 25-man raid.
As a bonus, my hunters were able to log on and turn their quest in.

World events can be fun, but I hate when they prevent you from playing the game.
I'd be all for having either Argent Dawn cleansers at every quest hub, or restricting the event to specific zones or even a Zombie BG.
I look at it, as practice for my Shammy team which will be arena/BG focused. Well 4x Shammies for Arena, 5x for BG's.

mmcookies
10-24-2008, 08:35 PM
Yes, would've been nice if we didn't lose durability even from NPC deaths.

But for now I use Item Rack with a naked profile.
As soon as I become zombie I hit the button and voila, no durability damage.

mmcookies
10-24-2008, 08:38 PM
edit: there seems to be a time paradox in this thread, this post is supposed to appear after emesis's post

maybe it's just a temporary problem on my end...

Aethon
10-24-2008, 11:10 PM
LoL, nice!

So, a few helpful tips as well:

1.) Get a flight timer so you can know how long you have to fly to a point, try to time it to land within 10 seconds (longer for bad lag, but not too long) I managed to get the Org flight master and a few others this way.

2.) You can also use summon a friend to summon your almost zombie. I haven't tried to summon an already zombie, but if you have a pally or mage that you can summon, you can just block and turn :-)


Has anyone sucessfully made it into a BG right before they turn? I keep trying but the timing is hard to pull off; plus with all the lag and other BG issues. Personally, I'd love to see an AB/WSG/AV zombie squad, I bet that would generate almost enough tears on the Blizzard forums to power my teargun.

BW~Merlin
10-25-2008, 03:26 AM
Can you walk through say ST with all the zombies in there and have none of the mobs attack you? Is being turned into a zombie a good way to get into certain places without mobs attacking? Can you now farm something easier as a zombie. I'm just curios about what there really is to do as a zombie. I waited out my time in shatt and got turned into one but I couldn't attack any allies and ended up dying which cost me armour and so I didn't really feel like trying it again.

Suprem01
10-25-2008, 03:40 AM
I was currently in westfalls when all of a sudden 10-15 zombies attacked me from behind infecting all members or my party. I was pretty fun at the time not knowing what I was doing or who they where.. but also annoying when you die, go back to regular toon and then get infected again.

mmcookies
10-25-2008, 06:43 AM
Incubation time reduced to 5 minutes :U

It's Friday, I'm guessing a big event will come on some time this weekend.

emesis
10-25-2008, 08:29 AM
It's really too bad that dying as a zombie causes durability loss. That's the only thing I really object too.

It is interfering somewhat with the pre-WOTLK leveling of my alternate RAF teams, though. Last night there was a zombie raid of about 30 players all hanging out in the Stormwind portal tower, ganking everyone porting into Stormwind. They zombified my lowbie mage/pally team.

Logged out and relogged with my 5 L70 shammy team. Took the portal to SW on all 5 after hitting EM and my trinkets; followed by Fire Nova/Thunderstrike on all 5. One dead Zombie raid. It really pissed them off too... :-)

Tidomann
10-25-2008, 09:00 AM
Take off your armour if your a zombie, and you don't lose durabiltiy...


I like how if you're trying to level, log your mains and kill them all they all whine "we are just trying to have fun"

Well.. So I am.. And to have fun.. I NEED TO QUEST GOD DAMNIT! :P


Edit: Anyone else notice that the disease is also ALOT harder to cleanse? took about 5 to 6 times each.

EvilSqueegee
10-25-2008, 10:40 AM
"who needs rocket launchers? I survived the zombies of 2008 with disease cleansing totems."

Resident Evil, eat your hearts out.

Shaden
10-26-2008, 01:31 AM
I cannot wait for this event to be over. It seriously sucks. It's a great way for bored level 70s to take over lowbie towns, make it impossible to quest and level for those who don't really want to take part. Griefing at its finest. If you could cleanse guards and actually have a chance of fighting back, I probably wouldn't be as annoyed. Then again, maybe if I wasn't feeling my RAF minutes tick away I wouldn't care as much. I dunno, all I know is I want to level my damn team and it's become a headache trying to do it.

Two weeks of this is way too long.

BW~Merlin
10-26-2008, 02:57 AM
It seems the NPC cleansers have been removed so its an absolute nightmare if you can't remove the disease your self.

Suprem01
10-26-2008, 03:31 AM
I was currently in westfalls when all of a sudden 10-15 zombies attacked me from behind infecting all members or my party. I was pretty fun at the time not knowing what I was doing or who they where.. but also annoying when you die, go back to regular toon and then get infected again.


Same here. They wait by the fly point and then get you... it's so annoying.



I cannot wait for this event to be over. It seriously sucks. It's a great way for bored level 70s to take over lowbie towns, make it impossible to quest and level for those who don't really want to take part. Griefing at its finest. If you could cleanse guards and actually have a chance of fighting back, I probably wouldn't be as annoyed. Then again, maybe if I wasn't feeling my RAF minutes tick away I wouldn't care as much. I dunno, all I know is I want to level my damn team and it's become a headache trying to do it.

Two weeks of this is way too long.


I know how that is. It happens in sw from time to time... so freaking annoying when out of now wheres you have 15-25 zombies running at you. People are getting so tired of this that when they get infected they just blow themselves up. Either that or logs out.

HPB
10-26-2008, 11:16 AM
We made this a guild event. We all got infected and went through the portal to the NE capitol. This allowed us to infect and later pvp our way around for exploration of the NE Island and Starting Areas. We then went to Infect and PVP in Stormwind -stopping to do Stockages for our Classic Dungeonmaster Achivement. Then we Infected the Exodus and afterward pvp'd/explored our way around BloodMyst and those Islands for exploration. This is a great way to get over to those areas that are more difficult to reach, especially the island zones.

Aethon
10-27-2008, 12:25 PM
Tell ya what sucks: hopping on a FP not realizing you're infected!

Almost got to Camp Mojache before the zombie dot effect killed me. My body was all the way back at x-roads and my ghost was at Camp Mojache spirit healer :-( Duro hit FTL.

Hor
10-27-2008, 12:47 PM
Honestly, much as I love wow and as much as I love zombies ... this event has turned me off both for the duration of the event. I can't do dailies, can't get to an instance, BGs are borked same with Arena. Can't fly to a city without getting infected. Can't even finish off a single tradeskill without some punk deciding he should blow you up. Blizzard said "Great, we'll give the griefers something to play with for a couple of weeks." What they didn't realize, is that it ruins the game for the rest of us while the griefers have their "fun".

Suprem01
10-27-2008, 12:52 PM
Honestly, much as I love wow and as much as I love zombies ... this event has turned me off both for the duration of the event. I can't do dailies, can't get to an instance, BGs are borked same with Arena. Can't fly to a city without getting infected. Can't even finish off a single tradeskill without some punk deciding he should blow you up. Blizzard said "Great, we'll give the griefers something to play with for a couple of weeks." What they didn't realize, is that it ruins the game for the rest of us while the griefers have their "fun".
I know how that is. What is bad is when you are in the auction house and then out of no wheres you turn into a zombie back to back when you rez to go and get your body.





Tell ya what sucks: hopping on a FP not realizing you're infected!

Almost got to Camp Mojache before the zombie dot effect killed me. My body was all the way back at x-roads and my ghost was at Camp Mojache spirit healer :-( Duro



I haven't had that happen yet but I can imagine that sucks, specailly when you're dual boxing and your team goes to different rez points.

gorram
10-27-2008, 01:48 PM
Good/Bad news, depending on your taste. A cure has been discovered for the current plague, and should be cleaning up the player-controlled zombie menace around noon today. Here's the offical post from Tigole:

http://forums.worldofwarcraft.com/thread.html?topicId=11829528491&sid=1

mmcookies
10-27-2008, 02:57 PM
the lag was starting to annoy me a bit as well
but it was fun while it lasted =D

i just wish the invasions weren't so freggin' camped

Rin
10-27-2008, 03:02 PM
Good/Bad news, depending on your taste. A cure has been discovered for the current plague, and should be cleaning up the player-controlled zombie menace around noon today. Here's the offical post from Tigole:

http://forums.worldofwarcraft.com/thread.html?topicId=11829528491&sid=1

Thank God. I was getting so frustrated with this zombie crap, especially when it affects a zone that I use daily (Origmmar in my case). IMO, I wish they wouldn't have placed the plague in areas which players generally use for commerce... But, that's just my opinion.

Thulos
10-27-2008, 03:06 PM
Definitely glad it's over. It was fun at times but when you are trying to get something done and one of your guys turns into a zombie without you realizing it, just got downright frustrating.

Aethon
10-27-2008, 03:10 PM
Well, that was kind of the whole point. Place it in the highest populated areas.

It was immense fun for those that looked past the "oh noes I can't do what I normally wanted at this exact moment in time" aspect. When I was 'alive' I cleansed everyone I could, and attacked every zombie in sight. When I was turned, I attacked everyone I could. The best would be when 'd go up to a priest/shaman/pally and /help /poke, or /s help and they wouldnt' do anything for me, then when I turned, they were my first targets.

I think people just needed to lighten up. There was still plenty of things to do, and plenty of places to go, even as lower levels, where you could continue to quest, level and get gold. After all, no zombies could follow you into instances.

blast3r
10-27-2008, 03:25 PM
Looks like it is ending today and I am so glad.

http://forums.worldofwarcraft.com/thread.html?topicId=11829519051&sid=1

Multibocks
10-27-2008, 03:30 PM
I'll miss this, I haven't had so much fun since... well since I started playing. I can't tell you how many times I had to stop laughing, because my sides HURT so much. The comments from people were just hilarious.

blast3r
10-27-2008, 04:14 PM
I'll miss this, I haven't had so much fun since... well since I started playing. I can't tell you how many times I had to stop laughing, because my sides HURT so much. The comments from people were just hilarious.

If I wasn't so pressed for time with my RAF ending soon I might think the same thing.

Haruko
10-27-2008, 05:27 PM
lol, when I was setting up my new alts 1 x paladin 3 x druids. I did get a little ticked off, cause I'm at the mailbox getting funds for them & being turned at the same time. Finally I got smart & ran into the bank area. The key is just keeping calm & do business @ 3am when hardly anybody is on ;)

Stealthy
10-28-2008, 12:02 AM
Last night I single handedly infected, and then went and cleaned up Thrallmar...fun times. Thunderstorm, Fire Nova, Earthbind & Disease Cleansing Totem = Shamans FTW! :)

Cheers,
S.